激光存储器——目前状况和将来的发展

未来的计算机存储器是使用莱塞光束和全息照相作为大容量的存储器。其主要优点是,能在较小的存储器上实现高的信息写入密度,消除了机械的磨损和损伤,並具有高速特性。     

Plasma-assisted Co/Zr-metal organic framework catalysis of CO_2 hydrogenation:influence of Co precursors

In this study, Co/Zr-metal organic framework(MOF) precursors were obtained by a roomtemperature liquid-phase precipitation method and the equivalent-volume impregnation method,respectively, using a Zr-MOF as the support, and Co/Zr-MOF-M and Co/Zr-MOF-N catalysts were prepared after calcination in a hydrogen–argon mixture gases(V_(Ar):V_(H_2)= 9: 1) at 350 °C for 2 h. The catalytic activities of the prepared samples for CO_2 methanation under atmosphericpressure cold plasma were studied. The results showed that Co/Zr-MOF-M had a good synergistic effect with cold plasma. At a discharge power of 13.0 W, V_(H_2):V_(CO_2)= 4: 1 and a gas flow rate of 30 ml·min~(-1), the CO_2 conversion was 58.9% and the CH_4 selectivity reached 94.7%,which was higher than for Co/Zr-MOF-N under plasma(CO_2 conversion 24.8%, CH_4 selectivity 9.8%). X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N_2 adsorption and desorption(Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis results showed that Co/Zr-MOF-M and Co/Zr-MOF-N retained a good Zr-MOF framework structure, and the Co oxide was uniformly dispersed on the surface of the Zr-MOF. Compared with Co/Zr-MOF-N, the Co/Zr-MOF-M catalyst has a larger specific surface area and higher Co~(2+)/Cototaland Co/Zr ratios. Additionally, the Co oxide in Co/ZrMOF-M is distributed on the surface of the Zr-MOF in the form of porous particles, which may be the main reason why the catalytic activity of Co/Zr-MOF-M is higher than that of Co/ZrMOF-N.     

Overcoming high-field RF problems with non-magnetic Cartesian feedback transceivers

In extending human MR to field strengths approaching 10 T, the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation at the proton Larmor frequency becomes less than human body size and conventional radio-frequency coil circumference. Consequently, radio-frequency magnetic fields are better generated by an array of small coils than by one large coil. In this article, the primary problem of array coil interactions during transmission is examined, and a standard proposed whereby secondary induced currents should be less than 1% of the primary coil current. The use of cancellation methods and of power amplifiers with high output impedance to reduce interactions is examined in the light of this standard and found wanting. Non-magnetic Cartesian feedback transceivers functioning at the magnet entrance are then proposed as a solution that both reduces instrumentation cost and increases the bandwidth over which the standard may be met. The compromises inherent in instrument design are detailed and examples given of the innovative circuitry used. It is shown experimentally that when connected to interacting coils, two Cartesian feedback instruments function stably in accord with theory and such that the proposed standard is typically attained over a bandwidth of 22 kHz during transmission (much greater during signal reception)—enough for all current MR protocols.     

固定化乳酸菌发酵番茄饮料工艺研究

以番茄汁为主要原料,研究了用海藻酸钠包埋乳酸菌发酵番茄饮料的最佳工艺.研究结果表明,固定化乳酸菌发酵番茄饮料的最佳工艺条件为:海藻酸钠溶液浓度为1.5%,胶珠直径2～3mm;接种量6%,发酵温度33℃,番茄汁初始pH5.0,发酵时间36h,接着添加7%白砂糖、0.005%黄原胶和0.02%CMC-Na,以使感官指标达到最佳.连续发酵结果表明,固定化乳酸菌发酵番茄饮料可连续使用7次.     

Improving the resilience of maritime supply chains: The integration of ports and inland transporters in duopoly markets

The adverse impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 has reduced ports’ operational efficiency. In addition, ports and inland logistics providers are generally independent of each other and difficult to work together, which leads to time loss. Thus, as the core player, ports can integrate with inland logistics providers to improve the efficiency and resilience of maritime supply chains. This study examines the strategic options of two competing maritime supply chains consisting of ports and inland logistics providers. We investigate the impact of cooperation between ports and inland logistics providers and government regulation on the maritime supply chain by comparing members’ optimal pricing and overall social welfare under centralized, decentralized, and hybrid scenarios. Results indicate that the hybrid scenario is an equilibrium strategy for maritime supply chain, although this strategy is not optimal for governments seeking to improve supply chain resilience and maximize social welfare. Furthermore, observations show that through government economic intervention, both seaborne supplies can be incentivized to adopt an integrated strategy, and business and society can achieve a win–win situation.     

Application and Validation of a Multi-block Constitutive Model at Landslides of the Wenchuan Earthquake （特约稿）

A multi-block model and a corresponding computer program have been developed which predict the kinematics of landslides. Furthermore, a unique event for studying different models simulating the triggering and movement of landslides is the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the mountainous region in Sichuan Province of China, which caused a large number of rapid landslides. The purpose of the paper is two-fold:(a) to propose and incorporate into the multi-block model constitutive relations predicting soil response along slip surfaces, and (b) to apply the multi-block model with the constitutive relations at landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. The proposed constitutive equations predict the shape of the shear stress-displacement response measured in ring shear tests. In the application, four landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake were considered. Only in one of these landslides the shear resistance-displacement response along the slip surface has been measured in laboratory tests. At this landslide, the triggering and movement of the landslide was predicted. In the other landslides, back analyses were performed and it was observed that the multi-block model predicted reasonably well the final configuration of all slides. In addition, as the measured and back-estimated total friction angle of all landslides was less than 18°, and the materials along the slip surface were sandy, it is inferred that some, or all of the slip surface during these slides was sheared in an undrained manner and excess pore pressures generated during sliding played a key role in the triggering and movement of these landslides. Concluding, the paper (A) proposed and validated a multi-block constitutive model which can be applied to predict the triggering and movement of earthquake-induced slides and (B) by analyzing four landslides of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, it concludes that some, or all of the slip surface during these slides, was sheared in an undrained manner and excess pore pressures generated during sliding played a key role in the triggering and movement of these landslides.     

Oxidation of 17alpha-ethinylestradiol with Mn(III) and product identification

With increasing concern about the contamination of aquatic environments by estrogenic pollutants, removal of synthetic estrogens such as 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) has been widely studied, especially with respect to the treatment methods. However, the degradation products have rarely been identified. The purpose of this study was to identify structurally the oxidation products of EE2. Mn(III) was used as an oxidizing agent. To obtain sufficient oxidation products for HPLC, LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy, a highly concentrated solution of EE2 (1mM) was prepared in a mixture of water and a water-miscible organic solvent. From HPLC of the reaction products, a single compound (I) was found to be predominant. From LC-MS, its molecular mass was found to be 294, and two hydrogens were believed to have been removed from EE2 (M.W. 296) to form a C=C . The structure of compound I (position of the double bond) was determined using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, H-H COSY, HSQC and HMBC. As minor products, isomeric dimers (M.W. 590) of EE2, as well as the products (M.W. 588) in which EE2 was coupled to compound I were also formed during the Mn(III)-mediated oxidation of EE2.     

Single active-layer structured dual-function devices using hybrid polymer-quantum dots

We demonstrate hybrid polymer-quantum dot dual-function devices with a single active-layer structure consisting of CdSe/ZnS semiconductor quantum dots dispersed with poly N-vinylcarbazole (PVK) and 1,3,5-tirs-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl) benzene (TPBi) fabricated on an indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/glass substrate by using a simple spin-coating technique. The dual-function devices are composed of light-emitting diodes (LED) on the top side and nonvolatile organic bistable memory devices (OBD) on the bottom side and can show electroluminescence (EL) along with electrical bistability concurrently. Both the functionality of LEDs and OBDs can be successfully achieved by adding an electron transport layer (ETL) TPBi to the OBD to attain an LED in which the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of TPBi is positioned at the energy level between the conduction band of CdSe/ZnS and the LiF/Al electrode. Through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study, it is revealed that CdSe/ZnS QDs distributed on the interface of the hole transport layer (HTL) and ETL significantly take part in the electroluminescence process rather than those existing at the outer surface of the ETL.     

Fluorescent ion-selective nanosensors for intracellular analysis with improved lifetime and size

We describe the synthesis and characterization of sodium-selective polymeric nanosensors that improves upon the lifetime and size of previous fiberless nanosensors. Sonication is used to form the polymer nanospheres that contain all the components needed for ion sensing. Even though the size is small (approximately 120 nm), the lifetime of these sensors in solution is on the order of a week. The surface coating has also been optimized for stability, biocompatibility, and ease of chemical modification.